Studies
National Bureau of Economic Research | An Empirical Analysis of Racial Differences in Police Use of Force | July 1, 2016 | Tags: racial disparities in use of force, lethal vs. non lethal
Police Executive Research Forum | Guiding Principles on Use of Force | March 1, 2016 | Tags: use of force guidelines
Use of Force Policy Database | Use of Force Policy Database: Access use of force policies for 100 largest police departments | January 23, 2016 | Tags: use of force policies in US
Department of Investigation New York | Police Use of Force in New York City: Findings and Recommendations | October 1, 2015 | Tags: use of force policy changes, NYPD
Police Executive Research Forum | Reengineering Training | August 1, 2015 | Tags: training practices, use of forces
The Center for Popular Democracy | Justice in Policing | June 12, 2015 | Tags: national standard, Miami Dade PD, early warning systems
Cognitive Processing | Training Under Anxiety Short Term and Long Term Effects on police officer's shooting behavior under pressure | June 1, 2010 | police performance
National Institute of Justice | Police Attitudes Toward Abuse of Authority | June 22, 2000 | police attitudes, code of silence
US Department of Justice | Police Use of Excessive Force: A Concilliation Handbook for the Police and the Community | June 21, 1999 | Tags: community policing, use of force
The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology | How Reasonable is the Reasonable Man? | June 16, 1973 | Tags: Criminal law, criminology, use of force
MEDIA
Penn Live | October 15, 2016 | Tags: Use of Force trends
NPR/The Two Way | October 13, 2016 | Tags: Database, FBI, Justice Department
Baltimore Sun | October 13, 2016 | Tags: Baltimore Police Department, FOP
Al Jazeera | October 11, 2016 | Tags: The Taser Cases
Houston Chronicle | October 9, 2016 | Tags: Houston Police Department
Chicago Tribune | October 7, 2016 | Tags: Tags: CPD, use of force policy change
The Chicago Reader | August 18, 2016 | Tags: CPD, deadly force, felony murder doctrine
Mother Jones | July 14, 2016 | Tags: use of force, schools
Washington Post | July 8, 2016 | Tags: Use of Force Database, 2016
Baltimore Sun | June 29, 2016 | Tags: Baltimore Police Department, Use of Force
New York Times | April 25, 2016 | Tags: CIT, de-escalation
NBC LA | March 15, 2016 | Tags: LAPD, use of force change
San Francisco Gate | February 22, 2016 | Tags: police gun policy
Chicago Tribune | December 30, 2015 | Tags: tasers, training
Chicago Tribune | July 3, 2015 | Tags: use of force, Dante Servin, Rekia Boyd
Los Angeles Times | June 15, 2015 | Tags: use of force, border patrol
Las Vegas Journal | November 28, 2011 | Tags: Las Vegas Police Department, deadly force
Legal Cases and Precedent
City and County of San Francisco vs. Sheehan | 2015 | Supreme Court, Use of Force, Mental Health, ADA
Forrett vs. Richardson | 1997 | Tags: unarmed fleeing suspect
Elliott vs. Leavitt | 1996 | Tags: reasonableness, qualified immunity
Plakas vs. Drinski | 1993 | Tags: deadly force
Wardlaw v. Pickett | 1993 | Tags: excessive force, qualified immunity, training
Smith v. Freland | 1992 | Tags: Supreme Court, Deadly Force, Fleeing Felon
Graham v. Connor | 1989 | Tags: Supreme Court, Reasonableness
City of Canton vs. Harris | 1989 | Tags: liability, failure to train
Tennesee vs. Garner | 1985 | Tags: shooting a fleeing suspect
Powpow vs. Margate | 1979 | Tags: shooting innocent person
Terry vs. Ohio | 1968 | Tags: Established legality of Stop and Frisk
National Police Directives
Chicago | October 7, 2016
Los Angeles | June 26, 2015
Chicago | February 10, 2015
Cleveland | August 8, 2014
St. Louis | April 6, 2014
Atlanta | October 28, 2013
Newark | April 4, 2013
New Jersey | October 9, 2012
Chicago | May 16, 2012
Chicago | September 23, 2002
Aurora | September 1, 1998
Boston | November 8, 1982